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利用中国气象局上海台风研究所最佳路径资料和NECP-FNL 1°×1°格点资料,分析了1323号强台风菲特(Fitow)登陆过程中环境条件、水汽和动能收支及其结构变化特征,研究其登陆后迅速消亡的原因。结果表明,"菲特"的消亡过程涉及与中纬度高空槽及另一台风的相互作用。登陆前,"菲特"从中纬度高空槽的相互作用中获得斜压位能,并从与另一台风丹娜丝(Danas)之间的偏东风低空急流中获得水汽输送,同时,高、低空急流的有利配置及较小的环境风垂直切变为其维持和发展提供有利条件。"菲特"登陆后,一方面与台风丹娜丝之间的水汽通道断裂失去潜热能的供应,另一方面冷空气侵入到台风中心,台风动能转化为斜压位能,同时高、低空风场配置加大其环境风的垂直切变,台风失去其结构特征而迅速消亡。 相似文献
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Despite wildfire being an important regulator of dryland ecosystems, uncontrolled wildfire can be harmful to both forest ecosystems and human society, and wildfire prevention and control continue to raise worldwide concern. Wildfire management depends on knowledge of wildfire ignitions, both for cause and location. The regimes and factors influencing wildfire ignition have been studied at length. Humans have a profound effect on fire regimes and human activity is responsible for igniting the largest number of fires in our study area. Understanding the spatial patterns of ignitions is foremost to achieving efficiency in wildfire prevention. Previous studies mainly concentrate on overall wildfire risk integrating numerous factors simultaneously, yet the importance of human factors on ignition has not received much attention. In this study, we mapped human accessibility to explore the influence of human activity on wildfire ignition in a simple and straightforward way. A Bayesian weights-of-evidence (WofE) method was developed based on fire hotspots in China's Yunnan province extracted from satellite images and verified as known wildfires for the period 2007–2013. We considered a set of factors that impact fire ignition as associated with human accessibility: the locations of settlements, roads, water and farmland susceptible to human wildfire ignition. Known points of likely wildfire ignition were selected as training samples and all suspected thematic maps of the factors were taken as explanatory layers. Next, the weights of each layer in terms of its explanatory power were computed and used to generate evidence based on a threshold to pass a statistical test. The conditional independence (CI) of each layer was checked with the Agterberg-Cheng test. Finally, the posterior probability was calculated and its precision validated using samples of both presence and absence by withheld validation data. A comparison of WofE models was made to test the predictability. Results show proximity to villages, roads and farmland are strongly associated with human wildfire ignition and that wildfire more often occurs at an intermediate distance from high-density human activity. The WofE method proved more powerful than logistic regression, improving predictive accuracy by 10% and was more straightforward in presenting the association of dependence and independence. In addition, WofE with 1000 m buffer bands is more robust in predicting human wildfire ignition risk than binary or 100 m buffers for the ecoregion studied. Our results are significant for advising practical wildfire management and resource allocation, evaluation of human ignition control and also provides a foundation for future efforts toward integrated wildfire prediction. 相似文献
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利用美国联合台风警报中心JTWC发布的自1972年以来的北印度洋风暴数据,美国国家环境预测中心和国家大气研究中心NCEP/NCAR逐月再分析资料和日本气象厅JMA月平均海表面温度SST资料,分析了初夏4、5月孟加拉湾风暴活动与前期印度洋海温的关系。结果表明:4、5月孟加拉湾TS活动与前期1—3月澳大利亚以西海域海温呈显著的负相关,即冬末春初海温偏高时,4、5月孟加拉湾(简称孟湾,下同)TS爆发偏少、爆发时间偏晚或者不发生;而关键区海温偏低时,如果30°S以北的印度洋海温稍偏冷(暖),而西南印度洋和东南印度洋海温则稍偏暖(冷),则初夏孟湾TS不爆发(多发、早发)。进一步分析显示由东南印度洋海温偏高(低),引起的局地环流变化导致了马斯克林高压偏弱(强),从而引起东半球越赤道气流偏弱(强),是初夏孟湾TS爆发晚(早)、不(多)发生的可能的主要原因。而且,当索马里越赤道气流和新几内亚越赤道气流存在弱的反位相协同变化时,对孟湾TS有较好的指示意义。 相似文献
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近55年来云南区域性干旱事件的分布特征和变化趋势研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用一种简化的区域性干旱事件识别方法,对近55年来云南区域性干旱事件进行了识别,在此基础上,选取区域性干旱事件的持续天数、影响站点数、平均强度、累积强度和极端最大强度这5个单一事件评价指标,构建了云南区域性干旱的综合评估模型,确定干旱等级划分标准。进一步分析表明,云南区域性干旱的发生频次、累积强度和累积影响站次均呈现上升趋势;云南在12、1和3月干旱发生最多,7、8月干旱发生最少;干旱持续天数集中在15～45 d,最长的可达222d;云南多发全省性的干旱且旱情偏重。云南中部区域干旱偏多、偏重发生;在严重的干旱事件中,中部型发生频次最多。 相似文献
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